https://cs.fyi/guide/how-does-internet-work

terms

  • packet → when data is sent across the internet, it is sent in small packets.
  • router → device that directs packets of data between different networks.
  • ip address → unique identifier for each device (used to locate the destination to route data)
  • domain name → human readable name used to identify a website.
  • dns → domain name system, responsible for translating domain names into ip addresses.
  • http → hyper text transfer protocol, used to transfer data between client and server.
  • https → provides secure communication between client and server, using ssl/tls encryption.
  • ssl / tls → secure socket layer and transport layer security protocol.

protocol

a set of rules and standards that define how information is exchanged between devices and systems.

internet protocol (ip) → responsible for routing packets of data to their correct destination.

transmission control protocol (tcp) & user datagram protocol (udp) → ensures packets are transferred reliably.

domain name system (dns) → translate human readable domain names into ip addresses.

http → transfer data between clients and servers.